Efectos Físicos, Químicos y Actividad Antioxidante de la Cerveza Tipo Ale Enriquecida con Pulpa de Guayaba (Psidium guajava L.)
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Abstract
El incremento en el consumo de cerveza artesanal ha impulsado a los productores a buscar nuevas alternativas que satisfagan las expectativas de los consumidores, como la incorporación de frutas. La guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) representa una fuente valiosa de nutrientes, compuestos biológicamente activos, propiedades antioxidantes y beneficios para la salud, sin embargo, su potencial no ha sido estudiado en el contexto de la producción cervecera. La presente investigación evaluó los efectos de la adición de pulpa de guayaba sobre las principales características físicas, químicas y propiedades antioxidantes de la cerveza tipo Ale. Se elaboraron tratamientos con diferentes niveles de adición de pulpa de guayaba: 25 g/L, 50 g/L, 75 g/L y 100 g/L. Los resultados indicaron que la incorporación de pulpa de guayaba mejoró significativamente (p < 0.05) atributos clave como los °Brix, densidad, turbidez, viscosidad, color, acidez, contenido de alcohol y amargor. También generó una alta concentración de compuestos bioactivos, con un notable contenido fenólico de 414.98 mg EAG/L y aumento significativo en la capacidad antioxidante, alcanzando hasta 1.73 mM ET/L. Estos resultados permiten concluir que la pulpa de guayaba no solo mejora los principales atributos de la cerveza, sino que constituye una fuente importante de compuestos bioactivos y representa una alternativa prometedora para las cervecerías artesanales.